Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Tests & Diagnostics

Symptoms of MS may mimic those of many other nervous system disorders. The disease is diagnosed by ruling out other conditions.

People who have a form of MS called relapsing-remitting may have a history of at least two attacks, separated by a period of reduced or no symptoms.

The health care provider may suspect MS if there are decreases in the function of two different parts of the central nervous system (such as abnormal reflexes) at two different times.

A neurological exam may show reduced nerve function in one area of the body, or spread over many parts of the body. This may include:

• Abnormal nerve reflexes
• Decreased ability to move a part of the body
• Decreased or abnormal sensation
• Other loss of nervous system functions

An eye examination may show:

• Abnormal pupil responses
• Changes in the visual fields or eye movements
• Decreased visual acuity
• Problems with the inside parts of the eye
• Rapid eye movements triggered when the eye moves

Tests to diagnose multiple sclerosis include:

• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) for cerebrospinal fluid tests, including CSF oligoclonal banding
• MRI scan of the brain and MRI scan of the spine are important to help diagnose and follow MS
• Nerve function study (evoked potential test)

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