Tension headache Health Article

Definition

A tension headache is a condition involving pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, usually associated with muscle tightness in these areas.

Alternative Names

Muscle contraction headache; Headache - benign; Headache - tension

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Tension headaches are one of the most common forms of headaches. They may occur at any age, but are most common in adults and adolescents.

If a headache occurs two or more times a week for several months or longer, the condition is considered chronic.

Tension headaches can occur when the patient also has a migraine.

Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense, or contract. The muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, a head injury, or anxiety.

Any activity that causes the head to be held in one position for a long time without moving can cause a headache. Such activities include typing or other computer work, fine work with the hands, and using a microscope. Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may also trigger a tension headache.

Other causes of tension headaches include:

• Alcohol use
• Caffeine (too much or withdrawal)
• Colds and the flu
• Eye strain
• Excessive smoking
• Fatigue
• Nasal congestion
• Overexertion
• Sinus infection

Tension headaches are not associated with structural changes in the brain.