Biopsy - polyps Health Article

Definition

A polyp biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that takes a sample of or removes polyps (abnormal growths) for examination.

Alternative Names

Polyp biopsy

How the test is performed

Polyps are outgrowths of tissue that may be attached by a stalk-like structure (a pedicle). They are commonly found in organs with many blood vessels, such as the uterus, colon, and nose. Some polyps are cancerous (malignant) and likely to spread, while others are noncancerous (benign).

How a polyp biopsy is taken depends on the location:

• EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) or other endoscopy is used for the throat, stomach, and small bowel.
• Colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy explores the large bowel.
• Colposcopy-directed biopsy examines the vagina and cervix.

For areas of the body that are visible, a topical anesthetic is applied, and a small piece of the tissue that appears to be abnormal is removed. This tissue is sent to the laboratory, where technicians determine if the polyp is benign or malignant.

How to prepare for the test

If the biopsy is to take place in the nose, or other visible surface or orifice, no special preparation is required, although fasting for a few hours beforehand may be advisable.

There is more preparation needed for internal procedures. Please see the particular procedure for additional information.